why: so the government won’t be able to use your money for whatever the fuck they’re planning for the next 4 years.
as a traveler, none of my money has been funding Israel, for example.
one-step method: you basically fill out one extra tax form called FEIE while you’re doing your taxes, write down the dates you were outside of the country, and then since you aren’t in the country and are not receiving any services from the US, you don’t have to pay income tax up to a certain amount (it’s a little over 125k this year).
Depends. For example in Finland the filing is done for you every year by the tax authorities and tax is deducted every month from your salary. Once a year you get either money back or need to pay more if your work situation changes during the year. You can also correct them by saying “hey I paid this bus card” etc. and get money back.
In Germany it works about the same, except they charge you quite a lot more every month. Here you do not have to file, but if you do you usually get a lot of money back. Filing is more complex than in Finland, so you might want to have a tax advisor to do it for you.